POWERPOINT AS INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA
PAPER
Submitted to
Fulfill the One of Teaching Media
Assigments
Compiled by
Galih Witono
122122205
ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF
EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES AND TEACHERS’ TRAINING
SILIWANGI
UNIVERSITY
PREFACE
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
Thank to Allah SWT., because for overflow of
grace and favor, writer can finish this work paper well. This work paper contain
about the history of microsoft office powerpoint, the advantages and disadvantages of using powerpoint in teaching
learning process and how to prepare poweroint for instructional media.
This work paper is arranged as assessment of
final task of Teaching Media Subject. Arrangement this work paper is meant to
help the teacher or people who want to know about the Instructional
media that can make a learning process more easy.
Writer realizes fully that this work paper has
been perfectly. Therefore, writer hope suggest and critic that has build
characteristic to upgrading this work paper.
Finally, writer say thank you very much to
responsibility lecturer and all of people who help in work paper
forming. Writer hopes this work paper can give benefit as guider in
learning process. Hopefully, this is give benefit to reader
Tasikmalaya, 15 Oktober 2013
Writer
TABLE
OF CONTENT
PREFACE
................................................................................................................... i
TABLE
OF CONTENT .............................................................................................. ii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background
of Study ...................................................................................... 1
B. Identification
of The Problem ........................................................................ 2
C. Writing
Purpose ............................................................................................... 2
D. The
Benefit of study ....................................................................................... 2
E. Writing
Procedure ........................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER II. DISCUSSION
A. Theoritical
Background ................................................................................... 3
B.
Discussion
........................................................................................................ 4
1. History ...................................................................................................... 4
2. The
Advantages of Using PowerPoint as as intructional media .............. 4
3. The
Disadvantages of Using PowerPoint as as intructional
media .......... 5
4.
Designing the PowerPoint For Presentation in Clasroom
........................ 6
CHAPTER
III. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
....................................................................................................... 10
B. Suggestion
......................................................................................................... 10
REFERENCES
CHAPTER
1
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of study
A study is said to be successful when each learner is deemed
to have achieved specified learning goals. Both in terms of science, and the
changing patterns of student behavior in the direction of the course in
accordance with the positive things that have been expected. Efforts are being
made by the supervisor, instructor, and teachers to
achieve the learning objectives based on the goals that have been set. These
efforts include the approach to students, then moved on the selection method or
technique that is designed in such a way in order to the delivery of the course
material befitted to the circumstances, conditions, and background of all
learners. In addition to this, as a complement and a helper in the delivery of
the material, it is necessary a tool used by teachers, instructors and
supervisor which called media.
The media is an
intermediary to convey something in the form of messages and information to the
recipients. In this case, the media is a media which is related with
instructional. So that, instructional media is anything that can be used to
convey a message in the form of learning materials that can stimulate and
attract the attention and the feeling in the learning process to achieve the
purpose of learning. Therefore, the role of instructional media is very
important and can not be separated in the teaching and learning process in
order to achieve these goals.
Media consists of three different types of learning, these
are audio media, visual media, and audio visual media. The three media have
their each role and use as an intermediary in the process of teaching and
learning between teacher and learners. However, the usefulness and benefits of
media are interrelated and complementary. In this case, the media is more more
be emphasize to the visual media. Where
the visual media is media that deliver information and messages in the form of
images.
Visual media is composed of many types and uses, and the microsoft office powerpoint
is the one of them. Ms.powerpoint are are part of the visual media that contains information with the special
images.
B.
Identification
of the Problem
Related to the background of the study, there are some
problems that may arise. The writer identifies the problems as follows :
1. What
is is the definition of Microsoft PowerPoint?
2. What
are the advantages
and disadvantages of powerpoint as
intructional media?
3. How
to use Microsoft PowerPoint as effective teaching tool?
C.
Writing
Purpose
Based
on the identification of the problem above, the writer would explain about :
1. The
definition of Microsoft PowerPoint.
2. The
benefits of Microsoft PowerPoint as instructional media.
3. How
to use Microsoft PowerPoint as effective teaching tool
4. Designing the PowerPoint for presentation in classrom
D.
The
Benefit of Study
This
paper was prepared
with the hope
of providing
utility theoretically
and practically.
Theoretically, this
paper useful as a
means of developing the
concept of using Microsoft PowerPoint as
instructional media.
1.
The
author, as a vehicle for
enhancing scientific knowledge
and concepts especially about using
Microsoft PowerPoint as instructional media.
2.
The reader, as a
information media about using Microsoft PowerPoint as instructional media.
E.
Writing
procedure
In the preparation of this paper,
the authors use literature study methods and various media,
finding and collecting from various books and other media sources.
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A.
Theoritical
Background
Learning and teaching a foreign
language needs a lot of patience, energy, time, creativity and competence. The
success of the teaching and learning of foreign language skills including
English is determined by a number of factors both linguistic and non linguistic
such as the students, the teacher, the methods, material and media or aids
used.
English teaching media are very
important to help students acquire new concepts of, the skills and language
competences. They are many kinds of media which can be used by the teachers in
the teaching learning process, but the teacher should be selective when
choosing, one the affective media is a Microsoft PowerPoint,
Microsoft PowerPoint
is the name of a proprietary
commercial
presentation program
developed by Microsoft.
It was officially launched on May 22, 1990, as a part of the Microsoft Office
suite, and runs on Microsoft Windows
and Apple's Mac OS X
operating system.
PowerPoint can be an
effective tool to present material in the classroom and encourage student learning.
PowerPoint can be used to project visuals which would otherwise be difficult to
bring to class. For example, in an anthropology class, a single PowerPoint
presentation could project images of an anthropological dig from a remote area,
questions which ask students about the topic, a chart of related statistics,
and a mini quiz about what was just discussed that provides students with
information that is visual, challenging and engaging.
B.
Discussion
1.
History
Originally designed for the Macintosh
computer, the initial release was called "Presenter", developed by
Dennis Austin and Thomas Rudkin of Forethought, Inc.
In 1987, it was renamed to "PowerPoint" due to problems with
trademarks, the idea for the name coming from Robert Gaskins. In August of the
same year, Forethought was bought by Microsoft for $14 million USD, and became
Microsoft's Graphics Business Unit, which continued to develop the software
further. PowerPoint was officially launched on May 22, 1990, the same day that
Microsoft released Windows 3.0.
PowerPoint introduced many new changes with the
release of PowerPoint 97. Prior to PowerPoint 97, presentations were linear,
always proceeding from one slide to the next. PowerPoint 97 incorporated the Visual Basic for Applications language, underlying all macro
generation in Office 97, which allowed users to invoke pre-defined transitions
and effects in a non-linear movie-like style without having to learn
programming.
PowerPoint 2000 introduced a clipboard that could
hold multiple objects at once. Another change was that the Office Assistant was
changed to be less intrusive.
As of 2012,
various versions of PowerPoint claim ~95% of the presentation software market
share, with installations on at least 1 billion computers. Among presenters
world-wide, this program is used at an estimated frequency of 350 times per
second.
2.
The Advantages of Using PowerPoint as instructional media
a)
PowerPoint encourages and supports teaching learning process
by facilitating the material presentation. The template provided is designed to
default to good presentation criteria such as the number of lines of
information in each slide and appropriate font sizes. The use of the default
templates can improve the clarity and the arrangement of a presentation.
b) PowerPoint is able to perform a
variety of manipulations, such as editing text before printing it out, and the
teacher can add new slides for adding new materials.
c) PowerPoint is also fun to be applied
and fun to watch. It allows the users to reflect on a lesson and correct any
changes, and they can create the perfect lessons and are being able to print
them out.
d) Using PowerPoint improve the
students’ learning motivation, increasing authentic materials for study,
encouraging interaction between the teacher and the students.
3.
The Disadvantages of Using PowerPoint as instructional media
a) Teacher-centered.
Students
often respond better when instructors have designed sessions for greater
classroom interaction, such as the use of student response clickers, designing PowerPoint to facilitate case studies, or use the slides as a replacement for paper worksheets.
b) Lack of feedback.
PowerPoint-based
lectures tell you nothing about student learning. Design them to include
opportunities for feedback (not simply asking if there are questions, but more
actively quizzing your students). This often takes the form of listing
questions, not information, on the slides themselves.
c) Student inactivity.
Slide
shows do little to model how students should interact with the material on
their own. Include student activities or demonstrations to overcome this,
either before or after the slideshow presentation.
d) Potentially reductive.
PowerPoint
was designed to promote simple persuasive arguments. Design for critical
engagement, not just for exposure to a “point.”
e)
PowerPoint
for teaching and learning usually has poor or boring slide. Too many texts on
the slide do not support good reading text, inappropriate use of multimedia
options, for example too much animation or over use of slide transitions.
f)
Further,
many teachers do not have enough basic knowledge in applying PowerPoint in
teaching learning. In addition, PowerPoint can not handle unexpected situations
because PowerPoint is unable to handle the students’ questions immediately as
the teachers do.
4.
Designing
the PowerPoint For Presentation in Classroom
a)
Preparing
for the presentation
1)
Consider
time and effort in preparing a PowerPoint presentation
·
give
yourself plenty of lead time for design and development.
2)
PowerPoint
is especially useful when providing course material online.
3)
Student
technology compatibility with PowerPoint material put on the Web ensure images
and graphics have been compressed for access by computers using dial-up
connection.
4)
Student
accessibility
·
visually
impaired may not be able to fully access a PowerPoint presentation, especially
those with graphics and images.
5)
Copyrighted
material
·
be
sure to properly cite source material. This is especially important when using
visuals obtained from the Internet or other sources.
6)
Message
interpretation
·
will
students be able understand material in a PowerPoint presentation outside of
the classroom?
·
Will
you need to provide notes and other material to help students understand
complex information, data, or graphics?
7)
If
you will be using your own laptop, be sure the classroom is equipped with the
proper cables, drivers, and other means to display your presentation the way
you have intended.
b)
Slide
content
1)
Avoid
text-dense slides
·
it’s
better to have more slides than trying to place too much text on one slide.
2)
Use
brief points instead of long sentences or paragraphs.
3)
Use
PowerPoint to cue and guide the presentation rather than project long and
complete sentences.
4)
Use
the Notes Pages feature to add content to your presentation which the audience
will not see.
5)
Relate
PowerPoint material to course objectives to reinforce their purpose.
c)
Number
of slides
1)
As
a rule of thumb, plan to show one slide per minute to account for discussion
and time and for students to absorb the material.
2)
Reduce
redundant or text heavy sentences or bullets to ensure a more professional
appearance.
d)
Emphasizing
content
1)
Use
italics, bold and color for emphasizing content.
2)
Use
of a light background (white, beige, yellow) with dark typeface or a dark
background (blue, purple, brown) with a light typeface is easy to read in a
large room.
3)
Consider
using different color slide backgrounds to change the pace of the presentation.
4)
Avoid
using underlines for emphasis which typically signifies hypertext in digital
media.
e)
Typeface
1)
Use
a sans serif typeface such as Arial, Times New Roman, Helvetica, or Tahoma.
2)
Limit
the number of typeface styles to no more than two per slide.
f)
Point
size
1)
Ensure
the typeface is large enough to read from anywhere in the room: titles and
headings should be no less than 36-40 points.
2)
The
subtext should be no less than 32 points.
g)
Clip
art and graphics
1)
Use
clip art and graphics sparingly. Research shows that it’s best to use graphics only
when they support the content.
2)
Photographs
can be effectively used to add realism.
3)
Size
and place graphics appropriately on the slide, consider wrapping text around a
graphic.
4)
Use
two-dimensional pie and bar graphs rather than 3-D styles which can interfere
with the intended message.
h)
Animation
and sound
1)
Add
motion, sound, or music only when necessary. When in doubt, do without!
2)
Excessive
movement within or between slides can interfere with the message and can be
annoying. Avoid or use only simple screen transitions.
i)
Final
check
1)
Check
for spelling, correct word usage, flow of material and overall appearance of
the presentation.
2)
Colleagues
can be especially helpful to check your presentation for accuracy and appeal.
Note: Typos are more obvious when they are projected.
3)
Schedule
at least one practice session to check for timing and flow.
4)
PowerPoint’s
Slide Sorter View is especially helpful to check slides for proper sequencing
and information gaps and redundancy.
5)
Prepare
another media in case you have trouble with the technology in the classroom.
CHAPTER
III
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A.
CONCLUSION
Based on the study above, we can
take the conclusion that PowerPoint is the one of intructional media that
functions as presenting learning material. This media is very useful for
teaching-learning activities because it can presenting image, sound and the material
that bassed on internet source.
B.
SUGGESTION
The teacher that use this media,
should understand to operate commuter technology, to prevent a mistake inn
teaching learning process, because many senior teachers can’t use a computer.
REFERENCES
Alley, M.,
Schreiber, M., Ramsdell, K., & Muffo, J. (2006). How the design of
headlines in presentation slides affects audience retention. Technical
Communication,53(2), 233.
Tufte, E. R.
(2006). The cognitive style of PowerPoint: Pitching out corrupts within. Cheshire,
CT: Graphics Press LLC.
University of
Minnesota, Center for Teaching and Learning (2006). Active Learning
withPowerPoint.
